BUDDHA'S LIFE



Birth and Youth at Court | Disappointment and Search for Truth | Conditions in Ancient India | Buddha's Enlightenment


BIRTH AND YOUTH AT COURT

An overview of Buddha's life brings his teachings much closer.

He was born into a royal family 2,580 years ago and probably looked European: the texts describe him as tall, strong, and blue-eyed.

His parents' kingdom lay at the southern border of today's Nepal around the town then called Kapilavastu. Excavations show it to have possessed both a sewage system and central heating, luxurious compared to the present Lumbini nearby and to many third world towns today.

The boy was decidedly no virgin birth, but was the very last opportunity for his mother to have a child, and shortly after he was born, three yogis told his parents this: '~He is truly special. If he is not confronted with the suffering of the world, he will become everything you wish him to be. A strong king, he will conquer the neighboring kingdoms and fulfill all your expectations. If, however, he perceives the suffering inherent in conditioned existence, he will renounce his position and bring enlightening insights into the world."

His parents wanted an heir to their kingdom and no poet, dreamer or philosopher, so they decided to be very careful.

They surrounded the young prince with everything a healthy young man likes: beautiful women-the texts say 500 of them~pporturnties for sports and excitement, and the finest teachers for his education. Whatever he wished for, he just

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DISAPPOINTMENT AND SEARCH FOR TRUTH

Since the yogis' prediction, everything unpleasant had been kept away from the future Buddha. Therefore he witnessed suffering only late in his life, but then in its main physical expressions.

On three consecutive days, he saw somebody very sick, someone old, and someone dead. His recognition that sickness, old age, and death are part of every life shook him to his roots and, after returning to his palace, he had a bad night.

Wherever he searched, he found nothing on which his friends and he could truly rely. Fame, pleasure, and possessions would all disappear. Whether he looked outside or inside, everything was impermanent. There was nothing lasting anywhere.

The next morning he passed a Yogi in deep meditation, and their minds met. The future Buddha knew that he had found a true refuge.

This man seemed to experience some-thing real and timeless. He was conscious not only of his own thoughts and feelings and the various conditions outside, but of his own awareness. The yogi's state of mind awakened the prince to everyone's true essence: the all-knowing space which makes everything possible; its radiant clarity which playfully expresses mind's richness as inner and outer manifestation, and its limitless love that obstructs nothing. So that was it! In a flash the prince realized that the absolute truth he had been searching for was nothing but mind itself.

At his time, there were no spiritual "turbo chargers" or "fast lanes" such as contained in the Tibetan teachings of Mahamudra or Maha Ati, the Chag Chen or Dzog Chen. These most efficient of methods Buddha could only show after his enlightenment. Nobody in his time possessed a "view" of life which integrated all aspects of life into the path, like brushing your teeth, making love, thinking, sleeping or eating, and used them to recognize one's mind. As "riding the great tiger of immediate experience" was not possible then, the prince could only choose the much slower path of renouncing the world. He had to limit the number of daily distractions.

Cutting off a most enjoyable private life, he disappeared into the hills and woods of northern India.

Wanting beyond all things to realize the nature of mind, there was no time for a leisurely search, and his next six years were hard. While he stayed in the woods and clearings of northern India, the young prince perfected even the most extreme practices given to him. And, as his motivation Sometimes outran his judgment, he once nearly starved himself to death. He learned from the finest teachers available at his time and practiced within all the schools of thought known also today.

Spanning the areas of materialism, nihilism, transcendentalism and existentialism he quickly out-paced his successive gurus, but each time found himself no closer to his goal. However well they might control the events taking place in mind, nobody knew mind itself. At the end of each path there was nothing permanent in which he could build his trust.

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CONDITONS IN ANCIENT NORTHERN INDIA

An unusual spiritual openness enriched the India of Buddha's times comparable to that of ancient Greece, the Renaissance and our own "sixties." Even though the most recent surge left a lot of casualties due to drugs, such frontal attacks on materialism and authority are noble and of utmost importance. People in the sixties were idealistic and strove, though often short-sightedly, for the happiness of all. Blind to emerging ghettos, overpopulation and other looming dangers to the world, they expressed their idealism on many levels, trusted in the basic goodness of beings, and avoided becoming snobs.

Possibly due to the lack of birth-control, the atmosphere surrounding Buddha seems to have been more prudish than today, but concerning the clarity of mind, many of his students must have been a joy to teach. The above mentioned philosophies were already known then, and many Indians of that time actually expected spirituality to influence their lives positively.

Whenever dualistic philosophies are allowed to pervade every aspect of existence, freedom suffers badly! Where it happened and people allowed a power structure to disseminate it, the result was burned witches, Communism, Nazism, quotas or political correctness.

A non-dualistic teaching like Buddhism, however, is intrinsically harmless. Mso, where Buddhism is the dominant religion, it contains no danger to freedom. It teaches a variety of methods from which different beings can freely choose, avoids applying pressure through society, and never motivates through fear.

Where Buddhism arose, not only were safeguards against abuse of spiritual power expected, but the teachings themselves were also severely tested.

Any view introduced was open to harsh and critical debate. It must transcend personal wishes and point to a permanent truth. If there was no proper view, no defined metbods to be practiced, and no goal that could be verified, it did not qualify. Teachers were then very careful about bringing forth half-baked insights. Spiritual honesty demanded that whoever lost one of the frequent philosophical debates automatically became the winner's student.

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BUDDHA'S ENLIGHTENMENT

After six anonymous years in the then still agreeable northern India, the young prince came to what is now called Bodhgaya. (Today it is a village full of local beggars and foreign temples situated two-thirds of the way from Delhi to Calcutta in the utterly overpopulated state of Bihar.) Upon arrival, this deep motivation to benefit beings awakened, and settling under a vast tree near a small river, he decided to meditate there and fully develop his mind.

One week later, on the full moon of May, he reached his goal. The day he became a Buddha was his thirty-fifth birthday, and forty-five years later he died on that same full moon.

As enlightenment dissolved the last veils that covered his mind, the perceived separation between space and energy in and around him disappeared, and he became timeless, all-knowing awareness.

Various traditions explain the process differently, but in the highest view, that of the Maha Anuttara Yoga Tantra, the all-pervading truth-nature manifesting as the Buddhas of past, present and future blessed him.

They condensed their perfect wisdom into the form of Sarva Buddha Dakini, a white female Buddha, and through her union with him, their male and female energies merged into perfection as did all other dualities.

Through every atom of his body he knew everything and was all. Crossing the river from the place where he had reached his goal, the Buddha stayed for three weeks below the now famous tree at Bodhgaya. Then he gave refuge' to several gods and trained his body to handle the intense flow of enlightened energies, but taught no human beings there.

His first teaching for humans was given four weeks later at the Deer Park near Sarnath, a village about halfway between Delhi and Calcutta. The neighboring town of Benares is very holy to the Hindus. They burn their dead at the banks of the Ganges and throw the remains into the river. A complete pilgrimage to the site includes such delicacies as bathing in the vast stream and drinking its water.

The five truth seekers who first came to him were not the most attractive of students. Being grumpy by nature, they had adored him while he practiced extreme austerities but were now disgusted at his radiant joy and health. Understanding such states to be "worldly" and thinking mainly of themselves, they were the very clients to quickly send somewhere else.

When curiosity got the better of their fixed ideas, however, they could only ask: "Why do you shine like that? What happened to you?" His answer to them was the famous "Four Noble Truths" which today have slightly different wordings in various traditions. Buddha must have expressed them somewhat like this: Conditioned existence is suffering. Suffering has a cause. It has an end and there are ways leading to that end.